Students will be able to refresh information about adjectives and future perfect in order to use the knowledge in different fields

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1. Check the video

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2. Read the information provided

Comparatives and superlatives are special types of adjectives used when comparing two or more things. The trickiest thing when using comparatives and superlatives is making sure we are writing them the correct way, but with a little practice, comparatives and superlatives can quickly be mastered.

In this post we’ll review what comparatives and superlatives are, the rules for how to form these adjectives the correct way, and how to use them effectively in a sentence.

The Basics of Comparatives and Superlatives

What is a Comparative?

Comparative Adjectives are words used to describe a noun by comparing it to another noun. We usually think of ‘er’ words like bigger or smaller, but they can be a little trickier than that.

The way we form comparative adjectives is based on the number of syllables in the adjective and whether or not the adjective ends with the letter ‘y’.

What is a Superlative?

Superlative Adjectives are words used to describe a noun when comparing it to two or more nouns to the highest or lowest degree. Think: big, bigger, biggest, or small, smaller, smallest.

Like with comparative adjectives, it’s not always as simple as adding ‘est’. The number of syllables and whether or not the adjective ends with the letter ‘y’ also help us determine how to form a superlative adjective.

One Syllable Adjectives

Let’s look at a chart showing the comparative and superlative forms of the word for the most basic one syllable adjectives, where we add ‘er’ for the comparative and ‘est’ for the superlative. *Note: when the adjective follows the CVC, or consonant, vowel, consonant spelling, the final consonant is doubled.

ADJECTIVE	COMPARATIVE	SUPERLATIVE
Big	Bigger	Biggest
Tall	Taller	Tallest
Small	Smaller	Smallest
Hot	Hotter	Hottest

Comparative Adjectives:

• I am faster than my friend.
• Arizona is hotter than Alaska.

Superlative Adjectives:

• She is the tallest student.
• That was the shortest movie in the series.

Notice the other words around the comparative and superlative adjectives. Most comparatives are followed by ‘than’, and most superlatives follow the word ‘the’.

Two Syllable Adjectives

Now let’s look at a chart showing the comparative and superlative forms of the word for adjectives with two syllables. Comparative adjectives with two syllables can be formed by making the ‘er’ ending or by adding the words ‘more’ or ‘less’ before the adjective.

For superlative adjectives, you make the ‘est’ ending but use the word ‘most’ or ‘least’ instead of ‘more’ or ‘less’.

ADJECTIVE	COMPARATIVE	SUPERLATIVE
Happy	Happier	Happiest
Crazy	Crazier	Craziest
Nervous	More/Less Nervous	Most/Least Nervous
Massive	More/Less Massive	Most/Least Massive
Quiet	Quieter or More/Less Quiet	Quietest or Most/Least Quiet

*Note: In many cases, either form of the comparative or superlative can be used, but there is generally a ‘most common’ usage. Additionally, the adjective does not need to end in ‘y’ in order to use the ‘er’ or ‘est’ usage, as the last example in the table shows. Your ear will often be able to recognize what sounds best.

Comparative Adjectives:

• She tends to be less passive than her brother.
• This quiz is simpler than the last one.

Superlative Adjectives:

• Fall is the busiest shopping season.
• This is the most rapid method of delivery.

Notice again how the comparative adjectives are followed by ‘than’, and superlative adjectives follow the word ‘the’.

Three or More Syllable Adjectives

The chart below shows the comparative and superlative forms of the word for adjectives that are three or more syllables long. In these cases, we always add ‘more’ or ‘less’ before a comparative adjective and ‘most’ or ‘least’ before a superlative adjective.

ADJECTIVE	COMPARATIVE	SUPERLATIVE
Mysterious	More/Less Mysterious	Most/Least Mysterious
Complicated	More/Less Complicated	Most/Least Complicated
Wonderful	More/Less Wonderful	Most/Least Wonderful

Comparative Adjectives:

• I tend to be more reluctant than my friends when trying new things.
• The noise at the pool was less bothersome than the noise on the beach.

Superlative Adjectives:

• Her second compilation was the most exceptional of them all.
• Those were the least comfortable couches I have ever sat on.

Irregular Adjectives

When using comparative and superlative adjectives, it is important to note that there are a handful of irregular adjectives that don’t follow the rules above. The chart below shows these irregular adjectives along with their comparative and superlative forms.

ADJECTIVE	COMPARATIVE	SUPERLATIVE
Good	Better	Best
Bad or Ill	Worse	Worst
Little (Amount)	Less	Least
Far (Distance)	Farther	Farthest
Far (Extent)	Further	Furthest
Many or Much	More	Most

Comparative Adjectives:

• I did better than the rest of my class on the final.
• She ran farther in this race than she did in the last one.

Superlative Adjectives:

• That was the best birthday present ever!
• I bought the least expensive souvenir that I could find.

Retrieved from: https://www.albert.io/blog/comparatives-and-superlatives/

3. Check the video carefully

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4. Read the information provided:

1: We use the future perfect to say 'how long' for an action that starts before and continues up to another action or time in the future. Usually we need 'for'. We can also use the future perfect continuous here so we often use the future perfect simple with stative verbs. If we use 'when', we usually need the present simple.

When we get married, I'll have known Robert for four years.

At 4 o'clock, I'll have been in this office for 24 hours.

Sometimes we could also use the present perfect in the same situation. But we like to use the future perfect to make the time an easy number.

I've lived here for 11 months and three weeks. (This is correct, but the time is not an easy number.)

On Tuesday, I will have lived here for one year. (A much easier number.)

2: We use the future perfect with a future time word, (and often with 'by') to talk about an action that will finish before a certain time in the future, but we don't know exactly when.

By 10 o'clock, I will have finished my homework. (= I will finish my homework some time before 10, but we don't know exactly when.)

By the time I'm sixty, I will have retired. (= I will retire sometime before I'm sixty. Maybe when I'm fifty-nine, maybe when I'm fifty-two.)

Retrieved from

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/future-perfect-tense-use.html

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