Actualizar Secuencia Didactica: 6774

Actualizar Secuencia Didactica: 6774

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<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>GUIA 01 FUNCIONES QUIMICAS INORGÁNICAS</strong><br></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Las sales<span class="redactor-invisible-space"></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space">Las sales son compuestos iónicos; pueden ser neutros<img src="/web/uploads/6910/c39f8f0595-6-1.png"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"> , si no tienen<img src="/web/uploads/6910/da0610db13-6-2.png">que les de el carácter acido o básico; ácidos <img src="/web/uploads/6910/f371ebd07d-6-3.png"> Si presentan el ion H+ ; básicos <img src="/web/uploads/6910/1ea6e12c65-6-4.png">, si tienen el ion  <img src="/web/uploads/6910/9b171ea47f-6-5.png">; y haloideos (NaCl), si están formadas por elementos halógenos.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space">Función sal<span class="redactor-invisible-space"></span><br></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><img src="/web/uploads/6910/ff3bdf09e4-6-6.png" width="645" height="135" style="width: 645px; height: 135px;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><br></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><img src="/web/uploads/6910/a6ba87c4b2-6-7.png"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><br></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space">Para nombrar las sales es necesario saber que catión y que anión los forman<span class="redactor-invisible-space"><br></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space">Los cationes: reciben el nombre del metal del cual provienen anteponiéndoles la palabra ion, Si un metal posee dos números de oxidación forman dos iones diferentes: estos se denominan diferenciándolos con el sufijo oso e ico, o con, los números de su estado de oxidación (I, II, III etc.)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space">Cationes más comunes<span class="redactor-invisible-space"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><img src="/web/uploads/6910/65382daaa6-6-8.png"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space">Los Aniones: provienen de los ácidos, cuando se separan en iones H+ y en los demás átomos, que pueden ser uno solo o un grupo de ellos; son iones cuya carga es negativa por ganancia de electrones. La cargas de un ion negativo o anión que se obtiene de un ácido, es igual al número de hidrógenos que se retienen<span class="redactor-invisible-space">.</span><br></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space">El nombre de los aniones depende del ácido de donde provengan y se procede de la siguiente<span class="redactor-invisible-space">:<br></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space">Si el ácido termina en hídrico el anión terminará en uro </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space">Si el ácido termina en oso el anión terminará en ito </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space">Si el ácido termina en ico el anión terminará en ato </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space">Ejemplo <span class="redactor-invisible-space"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><img src="/web/uploads/6910/3190c5a371-6-12.png"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><img src="/web/uploads/6910/80de74d9d7-6-9.png"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space">En la siguiente tabla figuran los aniones más comunes :<span class="redactor-invisible-space"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><img src="/web/uploads/6910/2629dd5f68-6-10.png"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space">Las sales se clasifican en: </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space">Neutras Las sales son neutras cuando todos los hidrógenos del ácido han sido reemplazados por metales </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space">Ejemplo</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"><img src="/web/uploads/6910/7f757a2439-6-11.png"><span class="redactor-invisible-space"></span></span><br></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

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